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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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相关实验视频

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A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis
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遗传的振荡. 遗传上的振荡. 在胚胎模式形成中的多普勒效应.

Daniele Soroldoni1, David J Jörg2, Luis G Morelli3

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Medical Research Council (MRC)-National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 12, 2014
PubMed
概括

胚胎细分的节奏不仅仅是由遗传振荡控制的. 组织缩短作为第二个时间尺度,通过多普勒效应影响细分速度.

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科学领域:

  • 发育生物学是发展生物学.
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 生物物理学的生物物理.

背景情况:

  • 胚胎发育涉及协调的时间和空间线索,用于身体轴分割.
  • 序列分割动物的细分节奏传统上归因于遗传振荡时间表.

研究的目的:

  • 研究控制斑马鱼胚胎细分时间的因素.
  • 为了确定基因振荡时间尺度是否单独解释了细分节律.

主要方法:

  • 在斑马鱼胚胎中实时测量遗传振荡.
  • 对组织缩短速率和振荡概况变化的分析.

主要成果:

  • 遗传振荡的时间尺度不足以解释细分期.
  • 通过多普勒效应,组织缩短有助于细分期.
  • 整个组织的振荡形状变化调节多普勒效应.

结论:

  • 分段节奏是一个新兴的属性.
  • 它是由遗传振荡时间尺度,振荡概况变化和组织缩短的相互作用控制的.