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在英格兰,母性百日咳疫苗接种的有效性:一项观察性研究
Gayatri Amirthalingam1, Nick Andrews2, Helen Campbell1
1Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 20, 2014
概括
英国针对孕妇的百日咳疫苗接种计划显示了高的疫苗有效性,显著减少了婴儿病例和住院治疗. 这种孕产妇免疫策略为新生儿提供了对百日咳的关键保护.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 2012年10月,英国为孕妇推出了一项百日咳 (百日咳) 疫苗接种计划.
- 这一举措是对英格兰各地爆发的百日咳疫情的直接反应.
- 这项研究旨在评估这种疫苗接种计划在预防婴儿百日咳方面的有效性.
研究的目的:
- 评估孕产妇百日咳免疫接种疫苗的疫苗有效性.
- 确定疫苗接种计划对婴儿百日咳发病率和住院病例的整体影响.
- 为国际政策制定者提供有关母亲疫苗接种战略的数据.
主要方法:
- 对实验室确认的百日咳病例和婴儿住院病例的分析 (2008年1月~2013年9月).
- 数据来源于英格兰公共卫生局加强的百日咳监测.
- 疫苗有效性是通过将确诊的婴儿病例中的母体疫苗接种状况与国家疫苗覆盖率数据进行比较来计算的 (临床实践研究数据链接).
主要成果:
- 在该计划推出后,咳病例和住院病例显著下降,特别是在3个月以下的婴儿中.
- 与2012年相比,2013年的前9个月,在3个月以下的婴儿中,确诊病例减少了78%,住院病例减少了68%.
- 孕产妇接种疫苗覆盖率达到64%,计算的疫苗有效率为3个月以下婴儿的91%,2个月以下婴儿的90%.
结论:
- 英格兰的孕产妇百日咳疫苗接种计划与高疫苗有效性有关.
- 婴儿的保护很可能是通过母亲的被动抗体转移和减少母亲对咳的暴露来实现的.
- 这些发现为全球公共卫生战略提供了宝贵的见解,涉及婴儿咳预防.
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