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通过扩散相互作用来长期维持抗性多态性

Talia L Karasov^1,2, Joel M Kniskern¹, Liping Gao¹

¹Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

|July 22, 2014

概括

植物耐药基因通过复杂的相互作用保持多态性,而不仅仅是单一的宿主-病原体对. 这项研究揭示了扩散的社区范围内的动态维持了Arabidopsis thaliana.

科学领域:

植物病理学植物病理学
进化遗传学的进化遗传学
分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

植物耐药性 (R) 基因对于植物对病原体的防御至关重要,但在农业中往往缺乏耐用性.
在自然种群中,R基因经常以平衡多态的形式存在,通常由宿主耐药性和病原体毒性之间的共同进化动态解释.
在具有扩散相互作用的物种中保持这种多态性仍然不太清楚.

研究的目的:

在自然种群中研究植物R基因中平衡多态的维持机制.
为了识别和描述推动Arabidopsis thaliana和Pseudomonas syringae多态性的R基因-效应因子相互作用.
探索分散的社区范围互动在维持R基因多态化中的作用.

主要方法:

在Arabidopsis thaliana和Pseudomonas syringae中识别了一对自然相互作用的R基因 (RPS5) 和效应器 (AvrPphB2).
对RPS5基因多态的进化史和选择压力的分析.
调查与RPS5等位基因相关的适应性成本和益处,在特定病原体效应因子的存在和缺乏的情况下.
评估不同病原体因子和物种在选择RPS5.5中的频率和作用.

主要成果:

RPS5 R基因及其已知的效应因子AvrPphB2表现出一个平衡的多态态,维持了超过200万年.
RPS5对携带avrPphB2的P.syringae有好处,但在未受感染的植物中会产生重大成本,在全球范围内,等位基因保持在中间频率.
在P. syringae中avrPphB同类的低频率和有限的毒性益处表明,单独这对不足以解释RPS5多态性.
有证据表明,RPS5的选择涉及多个非同源效应物和病原体物种,这表明整个社区的相互作用.

结论:

在Arabidopsis thaliana中,RPS5 R基因的平衡多态性可能是由复杂的,分散的社区范围的相互作用维持的,而不是单个共同进化的R基因-效应对.
这一发现挑战了R基因多态维护的标准模型,强调了更广泛的生态环境的重要性.
了解这些社区层面的动态对于预测植物防御和病原体毒性的演变至关重要.

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