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热带物种化的驱动因素

Brian Tilston Smith¹, John E McCormack², Andrés M Cuervo³

¹1] Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA [2] Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA [3].

|September 12, 2014

概括

新热带鸟类的物种化是由分散能力和随时间的持续性驱动的,而不仅仅是像安第斯山脉升起这样的景观变化. 遗传数据显示了多样化的模式,突出了生物多样化的特征.

科学领域:

生态学和进化生物学
生物地理学是生物地理学.
鸟类学鸟类学是一门学科.

背景情况:

类型变化通常与景观变化 (vicariance) 联系在一起,这些变化会孤立种群,例如大陆漂移或山脉形成.
在新热带地区,安第斯山脉的升起被认为是鸟类物种化的主要驱动因素.
一种替代模型强调分散能力和生物特征,而不是景观变化,以启动物种化.

研究的目的:

调查新热带地区鸟类中全方位物种化的主要驱动因素.
为了测试景观变化与分散在鸟类多样化的相对重要性.
将遗传差异化的空间和时间模式与物种化模型相协调.

主要方法:

分析新热带鸟类谱系中遗传差异化的空间和时间模式.
将遗传数据与由生长与分散驱动的物种化模型进行比较.
变种模式与景观历史的相关性,特别是安第斯山脉的升起和新一代的地质事件.

主要成果:

跨新热带鸟类谱系的遗传差异化模式高度不一致.
变种不仅仅是通过景观变化模型来解释的.
谱系持续时间和鸟类散播能力是物种化最强的预测因素.
大多数鸟类物种的多样性起源于新一代安第斯山脉上升后.

结论:

由过去的地质事件塑造的景观上的分散和差异化,而不是仅仅是替代性,是新热带鸟类物种化的主要驱动因素.
生物的特征,特别是分散能力,在多样化中起着至关重要的作用.
变种事件的时间与景观发生重大变化的时期保持一致,但分散促进了这些变化的景观的多样化.

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