特定地点的组选择驱动局部适应的组组成
Jonathan N Pruitt1, Charles J Goodnight2
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
Nature
|October 3, 2014
概括
群体选择推动了蜘蛛群体中的种群分歧. 经过实验建造的殖民地调整了它们的组成以与本地比例相匹配,证明了当地适应的生存监管机制.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 群体选择是一种进化的机制,群体的差异性灭绝或增殖会影响特征频率.
- 社会多态蜘蛛Anelosimus studiosus在殖民地中显示行为差异 (顺从与侵略的表型).
- 自然种群在殖民地内表现出温顺与侵略性个体的比例的变化.
研究的目的:
- 实验测试群体选择在推动人口水平行为比率分歧方面的作用.
- 调查殖民地是否根据灭绝风险和环境条件来调整它们的组成.
- 为了确定调节殖民地组成的机制是否在本地适应.
主要方法:
- 构建实验性蜘蛛殖民地,以已知的服从和积极的个体组成.
- 观察和分析殖民地存活率和组成在两代不同地点的变化.
- 在本地环境和流离失所环境中对殖民地反应的比较.
主要成果:
- 特定地点的群体选择显著影响了实验殖民地的顺从:侵略性比率的分歧.
- 面临灭绝风险的殖民地调整了其组成,以匹配其原生地点的特征比率.
- 流离失所的殖民地继续调整组成,使其在原始地点的比例有利,无论新环境如何.
结论:
- 实验证据支持群体选择作为野生种群集体特征的驱动因素.
- 殖民地组成调节机制在本地适应,促进出生息地的生存.
- 行为多态和群体动态是理解Anelosimus studiosus适应的关键.
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