通过冗余突变快速发展广泛的流感中和抗体
Leontios Pappas1, Mathilde Foglierini1, Luca Piccoli1
1Insitute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Nature
|October 9, 2014
概括
针对流感血氨酸干的广泛中和抗体是罕见的. 这项研究揭示了关键的遗传元素和突变,包括VH1-69等位基因多态性,这对于它们的发展和广泛的反应性是必要的.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
背景情况:
- 流感疫苗需要每年重新配方,因为在血凝素头的抗原漂移.
- 罕见的中和抗体向保存的血蛋白干,为通用流感疫苗提供了潜在的潜力.
- VH1-69抗体是抗干抗体的一个有前途的类别,但它们具有高度突变,并且不是普遍产生的.
研究的目的:
- 描述抗干抗体,阐明VH1-69克隆的发育途径.
- 确定产生广泛中和VH1-69抗体的关键遗传和体质突变要求.
主要方法:
- 来自单一捐赠者的197个抗干抗体的表征.
- 对VH1-69抗体克隆的发育途径的重建.
- 抗体-抗原相互作用的结构分析.
主要成果:
- 确定了一种多态生殖系编码的氨酸 (位置54) 和一种保存的氨酸 (HCDR3中的位置98),对于初始VH1-69抗体的发展至关重要.
- 一个单一的普罗林到氨酸突变 (HCDR2中的52a位置) 足以对H1抗原进行高亲和结合,这表明亲和力成熟得很快.
- 进一步的突变累积,增加了反应范围,使初始突变和54位的氨酸在功能上冗余.
结论:
- 对于产生广泛中和抗体而言,VH1-69等位基因多态,VDJ基因重组和特定的体内突变是必不可少的.
- 这些抗体的亲和力成熟过程表现出意想不到的冗余性,后来的突变补偿了早期的突变.
更多相关视频
04:47A Method to Assess Fc-mediated Effector Functions Induced by Influenza Hemagglutinin Specific Antibodies
Published on: February 23, 2018
7.1K
13:12Quantitative Analyses of all Influenza Type A Viral Hemagglutinins and Neuraminidases using Universal Antibodies in Simple Slot Blot Assays
Published on: April 4, 2011
17.6K
相关概念视频
Viral Mutations
32.6K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.6K
Leaky Scanning
4.5K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
4.5K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
2.3K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.3K
Viral Recombination
22.1K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
22.1K
Influenza
70
Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
70
Humoral Immune Responses
65.4K
Overview
65.4K
