灵长类动物特有的内源性逆转录病毒驱动的转录定义了纯粹的类似干细胞
Jichang Wang1, Gangcai Xie2, Manvendra Singh1
1Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
Nature
|October 16, 2014
概括
研究人员确定了一种表现出天真性质的人类干细胞子群. 这些细胞与HERVH,一种灵长类动物特异性的逆转录病毒,以及调节多能性的新型转录电路有关.
科学领域:
- 干细胞生物学 干细胞生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
背景情况:
- 原始胚胎干细胞 (ESC) 具有广泛的发育潜力,对研究和治疗至关重要.
- 隔离人类天真ESC是具有挑战性的;目前的方法涉及从原始化的人类ESC或诱导多能干细胞 (hiPSC) 来人工生成天真类细胞.
研究的目的:
- 在人类ESC和hiPSC培养物中识别和表征一种天真类细胞的自然存在的亚种群.
- 研究灵长类动物特异性内源逆转录病毒,特别是 HERVH 在调节这些天真类细胞中的多能性的作用.
主要方法:
- 在人类ESC和hiPSC文化中的子群体分析.
- 细胞的遗传标记. 细胞的遗传标记.
- 转录概况,专注于 HERVH 和相关因素,如 LBP9.9.
- 功能性研究涉及关键遗传元素 (LBP9,HERVH) 的破坏.
主要成果:
- 一个hESCs和hiPSCs的亚种群自然表现出纯粹的干细胞特性.
- 升高的HERVH转录是这些天真细胞的标志.
- HERVH 元素作为对包括 LBP9 在内的天真多能性因子的结合点,驱动独特的转录.
- 破坏LBP9,HERVH或衍生转录会损害自我更新能力.
结论:
- HERVH表达是天真的人类ESCs的一个决定性特征.
- 涉及HERVH和LBP9的新型灵长类特异转录电路调节多能性和自我更新.
- 这一发现为人类干细胞中的多能性调节提供了新的见解.
相关概念视频
01:06Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
4.7K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
Somatic...
4.7K
01:13Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
22.8K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
22.8K
01:13Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
3.4K
3.4K
01:14Maintenance of the ES Cell State
1.9K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
1.9K
03:18Non-LTR Retrotransposons
12.4K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
12.4K
01:26Stem Cell Niche
4.9K
The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
4.9K