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相关概念视频

Egoism and Altruism01:55

Egoism and Altruism

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Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Altruism01:03

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Altruistic behaviors are “unselfish” behaviors—those that help another individual at the expense of the individual carrying out the behavior. Despite the negative consequences for the altruistic animal, these behaviors are thought to have evolved for several reasons.
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Self-Serving Bias01:29

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Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
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The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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行为经济学.行为经济学. 在慈善事业中避免开销厌恶.

Uri Gneezy1, Elizabeth A Keenan2, Ayelet Gneezy2

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概括

捐赠者避免慈善机构的高开支. 用初始捐款来支付开销,创造一个无开销的选择,大大提高了捐款率和金额,使慈善捐赠更有效.

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科学领域:

  • 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
  • 慈善研究 慈善研究
  • 非营利性的管理管理.

背景情况:

  • 捐赠者经常避免慈善机构的高管理和筹款成本,阻碍非营利性的有效性.
  • 高额的开销会阻碍潜在的捐赠者,影响慈善捐赠.
  • 非营利组织在获得资金方面面临挑战,原因是捐助者对开销成本的看法.

研究的目的:

  • 测试一种新的解决方案,通过最初的捐款来支付非营利性的开销费用来增加捐款.
  • 评估免费捐赠机会对捐赠者的行为的影响.
  • 与其他常见的筹款策略相比,比较无开支模式的有效性.

主要方法:

  • 进行了一项实验室实验,以分析捐赠者对不同开销成本的反应.
  • 实施了一项大规模的实地实验,涉及4万名潜在捐赠者.
  • 无开支捐赠策略与种子资金和匹配活动进行了比较.

主要成果:

  • 实验室结果表明,当捐赠者承担一般费用时,捐赠减少.
  • 实地实验表明,无开支捐赠模式显著提高了捐赠率的80-94%.
  • 与种子或匹配策略相比,总捐赠增加了75-89%的无开支方法.

结论:

  • 通过初始捐款来支付非营利性总费用是促进慈善捐赠的高效策略.
  • 无开支捐赠模式克服了与行政费用相关的捐赠者不情愿.
  • 这种方法提供了一个可扩展的解决方案,以提高非营利性资金和运营能力.