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相关概念视频

DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
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相关实验视频

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Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
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人类DNA复制时间的遗传变异.

Amnon Koren1, Robert E Handsaker2, Nolan Kamitaki2

  • 1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

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概括

遗传变异影响DNA复制时间,影响突变模式. 这项研究确定了16个基因位点 (rtQTLs),这些位点调节了复制时间和基因表达,影响了DNA序列的可变性.

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科学领域:

  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 基因组DNA复制以特定的时间顺序发生,影响突变分布.
  • 对DNA复制时间变化的遗传基础尚未完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究遗传多态度对DNA复制时间的影响.
  • 为了确定控制复制时间变化的遗传位置.

主要方法:

  • 分析了复制时间变化,使用161个个体 (1000个基因组项目) 的基因组序列的读取深度.
  • 进行全基因组关联研究以确定复制时间定量特征位点 (rtQTLs).

主要成果:

  • 确定了16个rtQTL位点,其中遗传的等位基因与复制时间相关.
  • rtQTLs显示出对复制时间和来源使用的等位基因特异性影响.
  • rtQTLs与千兆基基尺度上的基因表达变异有关.

结论:

  • DNA复制时间在很大程度上是由遗传多态度决定的.
  • 遗传多态度通过复制时间控制来调节附近DNA序列的可变性.