主观的幸福,健康和衰老
Andrew Steptoe1, Angus Deaton2, Arthur A Stone3
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 4, 2014
概括
主观幸福感在全球范围内随着年龄的变化而变化,在某些地区呈现U形,而在其他地区则没有. 老年人的更高的精神健康与更高的生存率有关.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 主观幸福感 (SWB) 涵盖了评价性,享乐性和愉悦性方面,与健康和衰老有着重要的联系.
- 全球SWB模式在不同地区和年龄组中表现出相当大的差异.
- 健康和SWB之间的双向关系,特别是在老年人群中,需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 为了分析整个生命周期的主观福祉的模式.
- 调查老年人不同维度的福祉和生存率之间的关联.
- 研究地理和人口因素对与年龄相关的福祉趋势的影响.
主要方法:
- 来自盖洛普世界民意调查的数据分析,遍及160多个国家.
- 对英国老化纵向研究 (ELSA) 队列的检查.
- 对福祉维度,生存数据和人口/健康共变量进行统计分析.
主要成果:
- 在高收入,英语国家观察到评估幸福感的U形曲线,在中年 (45-54岁) 达到顶峰.
- 有显著的区域差异:东欧/前苏联的逐步衰退,拉丁美洲的衰退,撒哈拉以南非洲的稳定.
- 在老年人中,eudemonic幸福感与生存率的增加有显著的关联;最低四分位数的死亡率为29.3%,高四分位数的死亡率为9.3%,超过8.5年.
结论:
- 老年人的主观福祉是经济和卫生政策的关键考虑因素.
- 当前的心理和经济理论不足以解释跨越生命周期的各种全球福利模式.
- 虽然建议高幸福感对生存的保护作用,但需要进一步的研究来确认因果关系.
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