老年人的健康,功能和残疾 - - 现状和未来影响
Somnath Chatterji1, Julie Byles2, David Cutler3
1Surveys, Measurement, and Analysis, Health Statistics and Information Systems, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 4, 2014
概括
全球老龄化趋势显示出混合的证据. 一些研究表明病率的压缩,而另一些研究则表明病率的扩张,特别是在老年人的慢性疾病方面.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 老龄化是一个动态的过程,随着时间的推移,它会影响老年人的健康状况.
- 在60岁以上的个人中,全球发病率和死亡率的趋势需要审查.
- 了解这些趋势对于医疗保健规划和经济影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查过去二十年中老年人患病率和死亡率的全球趋势.
- 为了在全球范围内识别衰老的模式及其相关的健康结果.
- 评估不同发病率指标的可比性及其对趋势分析的影响.
主要方法:
- 对老年人发病率和死亡率报告的趋势的审查.
- 分析了四种特定的研究类型,显示出患病率压缩的证据.
- 从纵向衰老调查中获得的数据的二次分析.
- 检查慢性疾病流行趋势的研究.
主要成果:
- 在高收入国家的高质量纵向研究中发现了患病率压缩的证据,这些研究使用了残疾指标.
- 观察到患病率扩张的对比证据,特别是在研究慢性疾病患病率时.
- 功能限制的模式在不同国家和国家内有很大差异,缺乏明确的解释.
- 在低收入国家,关于老年人健康状况的数据非常稀缺.
结论:
- 全球老龄化趋势呈现出一个复杂的画面,观察到病率的压缩和扩张.
- 迫切需要进一步的研究,从低收入国家收集数据,并完善健康/功能测量.
- 在老年人群中制定健康,功能和残疾的标准化措施对于准确的全球比较和有效的医疗保健策略至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:15Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients
375
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
375
01:27Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
346
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
346
01:19The Effect of Aging on Tissues
4.2K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
4.2K
01:18Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion
334
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
334
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
1.3K
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
1.3K
01:22Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption
828
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
828