夏季工作减少了处境不利的年轻人的暴力行为
1Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. University of Chicago Crime Lab, Chicago, IL, USA. hellersa@sas.upenn.edu.
概括
为弱势年轻人提供夏季工作,在16个月内大幅减少了43%的暴力犯罪逮捕. 这种预防性方法对解决青年暴力等复杂问题充满希望.
科学领域:
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
背景情况:
- 青少年暴力是美国重要的公共卫生问题,每天有6000多人受伤.
- 现有的社会科学研究将青年失业与暴力犯罪联系起来.
- 目前针对失业青年的犯罪纠正计划缺乏一致的有效性.
研究的目的:
- 评估夏季就业计划对减少弱势青年暴力犯罪的影响.
- 测试一种预防策略,将重点从补救转向早期干预.
- 为了确定短期就业干预是否会产生长期的行为变化.
主要方法:
- 一项随机对照试验 (RCT) 涉及芝加哥1634名贫困高中生.
- 被分配到一个为期8周的暑期工作计划.
- 在16个月的随访期内跟踪暴力犯罪逮捕.
主要成果:
- 在16个月内,被分配到夏季工作计划中,暴力事件减少了43%.
- 这导致每100名年轻人中的暴力犯罪逮捕人数减少了3.95人.
- 减少犯罪的效果主要是在8周的干预结束后观察到的.
结论:
- 夏季就业计划可以是一个有效的,低成本的策略,以减少青年暴力.
- 预防性,有针对性的干预措施可以在复杂的社会问题中产生有意义的行为变化.
- 这项研究强调了就业计划在减少犯罪和公共安全方面的潜力.
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