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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

Leaky Scanning

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...

Viruses with RNA Genomes

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

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Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2017

简单疹病毒诱导一个处理因子,刺激了多个 (A) 站点使用.

J McLauchlan¹, S Simpson, J B Clements

¹MRC Virology Unit, University of Glasgow, Scotland.

|December 22, 1989

概括

此摘要是机器生成的。

由简单疹病毒感染的细胞的核提取物显示在特定的病毒多元A位点增加了RNA处理. 在体外和体内观察到的这种耐热活性,增强了晚期病毒多化效率.

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Functional Imaging of Viral Transcription Factories Using 3D Fluorescence Microscopy

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Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy

Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy

Published on: November 4, 2018

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2017

Functional Imaging of Viral Transcription Factories Using 3D Fluorescence Microscopy

Functional Imaging of Viral Transcription Factories Using 3D Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: January 18, 2018

Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy

Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy

Published on: November 4, 2018

科学领域:

分子生物学分子生物学
病毒学病毒学
基因表达基因表达

背景情况:

简单疹病毒 (HSV) 基因表达涉及转录后的修饰,包括多基化.
聚基解位点的选择是RNA处理中的关键调节步骤.
了解病毒RNA处理因素可以揭示病毒基因调节的机制.

研究的目的:

为了研究简单疹病毒多样性A) 位点的RNA的处理.
为了识别影响HSV多化效率的潜在细胞或病毒因素.
为了确定特定的病毒多元A位点是否在受感染的细胞中被不同的处理.

主要方法:

在体外处理试验中,使用HSV感染细胞和模拟感染细胞的核提取物进行分析.
通过使用前体RNA与并联病毒多个A) 位点进行多个A) 位点处理效率的比较.
热可变性测定用于表征识别的加工活动.
来自重组病毒的病毒RNA的分析,以确认体内发现.

主要成果:

来自HSV感染细胞的核提取物在特定的晚期HSV多A部位表现出增强的处理活性.
第二个HSV多A位点在感染和模拟感染的细胞提取物中显示出类似的处理效率.
观察到的特定加工活动被发现是耐热的.
使用重组病毒的体内研究证实了晚期病毒多元A位点的增强处理.

结论:

在感染HSV的细胞中存在的一种特定的耐热活性,增强了晚期病毒多元A位点的处理.
这一因素在调节特定HSV poly ((A) 位点的多化效率方面发挥着作用.
这些发现表明,在HSV感染期间,病毒基因表达的差异调节机制存在.