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在早期德纪的干骨状骨状况中,干骨体具有骨类状况
Sam Giles1, Matt Friedman1, Martin D Brazeau2
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK.
Nature
|January 13, 2015
概括
这项研究揭示了Janusiscus schultzei,一个早期的纪鱼,为早期的脊椎动物的头骨解剖学提供了新的见解. 它的特征挑战了现有的脊椎动物进化模型和现代脊椎动物的起源.
科学领域:
- 古生物学与脊椎动物的进化
- 早期的鼻口腺体的比较解剖学
背景情况:
- 纪和纪鱼类的进化历史对于理解现代脊椎动物 (gnathostomes) 的起源至关重要.
- 关于现存的脊椎动物最后一个共同祖先的头骨形态存在竞争性假设,模型表明这种祖先可能是德里希或骨.
研究的目的:
- 介绍一下来自西伯利亚的早期代纪的体 (gnathostome) Janusiscus schultzei,并分析其部解剖学.
- 提供新的数据,以澄清近近的最后一个共同祖先的形态学chondrichthyans和osteichthyans.
- 用新的解剖学信息重新评估关于脊椎动物起源的假设.
主要方法:
- 高分辨率计算机断层扫描 (CT) 对Janusiscus schultzei化石的扫描.
- 对早期的孔德里希,骨类动物和"白皮动物"的头骨特征进行比较解剖分析.
- 遗传学分析以确定Janusiscus和相关种群的进化关系.
主要成果:
- Janusiscus schultzei表现出类似于早期骨类动物的头骨屋顶,但其脑袋中混合了德里希和骨类动物的特征.
- 脑缺少腹裂,这是冠状的衍生特征,并且显示出发达的过程,统一了比较解剖学.
- 遗传学分析支持孔德里希提亚与"acanthodians"的亲缘关系,并将Janusiscus与冠状体放在一个多体化中.
结论:
- 在Janusiscus的广泛的皮肤骨表明,它存在于脊椎动物的最后一个共同祖先.
- 形成对比的内骨和皮肤骨特征突出显示了在gnathostome起源附近的特征进化的复杂性.
- 对目前尚不完全知晓的罗-德沃尼鱼类的进一步研究对于重建特征进化的模式至关重要.
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