瘤的分子和遗传特性与局部免疫细胞分解活性相关
Michael S Rooney1, Sachet A Shukla2, Catherine J Wu3
1The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard/MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA.
Cell
|January 17, 2015
概括
瘤基因组学通过免疫编辑影响抗瘤免疫力. 在β-2-微球蛋白 (B2M) 和HLA基因中的关键突变,以及PD-L1/2的放大,揭示了瘤抵抗免疫攻击的机制.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 瘤基因组变化与抗瘤免疫反应之间的相互作用尚未完全理解.
- 研究这种关系对于开发有效的癌症免疫疗法至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地探索瘤基因组景观是如何被抗瘤免疫塑造和被塑造的.
- 识别与各种癌症类型的免疫活动和抵抗机制相关的遗传特征.
主要方法:
- 从18种癌症类型的固体瘤活检中分析大规模的基因组数据.
- 量化局部免疫透细胞分解活性.
- 鉴定基因组属性 (突变,放大) 和细胞分解活性之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 细胞分解活性与预测的新抗原相关,一些瘤的水平低于预期,表明免疫逃逸.
- 与高细胞分解活性相关的反复突变基因包括β-2-微型血球蛋白 (B2M) 和HLA类I基因 (HLA-A, -B, -C) 以及Caspase 8 (CASP8).
- 与高细胞分解活性相关的遗传放大涉及像PD-L1/2和ALOX12B/15B这样的免疫抑制因素.
结论:
- 基因组改变在瘤免疫编辑中起着重要作用.
- 瘤采用诸如抗原呈现受损 (B2M,HLA突变) 和阻断亡 (CASP8突变) 等策略来抵抗免疫媒介杀死.
- 免疫抑制因子的放大代表了对抗瘤免疫的另一种抵抗机制.
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