马诺特洞穴 (以色列) 的Levantine头骨预示着第一个欧洲现代人类
Israel Hershkovitz1, Ofer Marder2, Avner Ayalon3
11] The Dan David Laboratory for the Search and Study of Modern Humans, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel [2] The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Nature
|January 29, 2015
概括
以色列马诺特洞穴的一块54.7千年的头骨碎片揭示了早期现代人类 (智人) 从非洲扩展到欧亚大陆. 这一发现挑战了以前关于人类进化和尼安德特人相互作用的理论.
科学领域:
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 人类进化人类进化
- 考古学的考古学
背景情况:
- 智人 (Homo sapiens) 从非洲向欧亚大陆的扩散是人类进化中的一个关键事件.
- 从6万年前到4万年前的化石证据很少,使早期现代人类的祖先在很大程度上是未知的.
- 了解这种迁移对于追踪当今所有非非洲人口的起源至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述一个重要的化石发现,揭示了早期现代人类迁徙.
- 为了分析Manot 1 calvaria的形态和时间方面.
- 重新评估莱万特和欧洲人类进化模型,包括与尼安德特人的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 在以色列马诺特洞穴发现和挖掘部分人体骨.以色列马诺特洞穴.
- 化石的-测年,以确定其年龄 (54.7 ± 5.5 亿年).
- 马诺1号鱼与最近的非洲和古欧亚人类智人和尼安德特人标本的比较形态分析.
主要成果:
- 马诺1号卡尔瓦里亚的年代是54.7 ± 5.5万年前.
- 形态分析证实该标本无疑是现代人类,与最近的非洲和上古石器时代欧洲头骨相似.
- 马诺特1头骨不同于在黎凡特发现的其他早期现代人类.
- 这些发现表明马诺特人群与欧洲早期殖民者之间存在密切关系.
- 有证据表明,现代人类和尼安德特人同时存在于南方黎凡特,是在中高古石器时期的过渡时期.
结论:
- 马诺1化石提供了对现代人类在非洲早期扩张的关键见解.
- 马诺特人群可能代表了一个关键的祖先群体,后来人口欧洲,可能在尼安德特人同化之前.
- 这一发现支持这样一个观点,即归因于尼安德特人在欧洲同化过程中的解剖特征可能起源于早期的黎凡特现代人类群体.
- 马诺特1号是唯一提供现代人类和尼安德特人的证据的标本,它们在南方Levant附近的交叉繁殖时代共存.
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