麻疹,疹,红疹疫苗接种对儿童脑炎模式的影响
1Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 7, 1989
概括
在接种麻疹,疹和红疹疫苗后,儿童脑炎病例下降. 然而,严重的结果仍然存在,这突显了像Mycoplasma pneumoniae这样可治疗的感染的及时治疗的必要性.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 脑炎是儿童的一种严重的神经疾病.
- 了解致病因子和结果对于有效管理至关重要.
- 儿童脑炎发病率和病因学的趋势随着时间的推移而演变.
研究的目的:
- 为了分析儿童脑炎的发病率,病因和结果,在20年的时间内.
- 评估麻疹,炎和红疹 (MPR) 疫苗接种计划对脑炎趋势的影响.
- 为了确定患儿脑炎不良结果的危险因素.
主要方法:
- 在1974年至1993年期间治疗的462例儿科脑炎病例的回顾性分析.
- 收集有关患者人口统计,病因,治疗和结果的数据.
- 发生率计算和趋势分析.
主要成果:
- 脑炎发病率从每10万个儿童年中的19.8降至2.5个儿童年.
- ,麻疹和水病毒以及Mycoplasma pneumoniae是最初的常见原因.
- 在MPR疫苗接种后,麻疹和疹相关脑炎消失了;水,M. pneumoniae和肠道病毒变得更加普遍.
- 死亡率为3%,严重残疾为7%;不良结果与多种感染,简单疹病毒,细胞大脑病毒或M. pneumoniae有关.
- 总病例的减少与严重结局的减少没有相关性.
结论:
- 在MPR疫苗接种计划显著减少脑炎发病率从疫苗可预防的疾病.
- 尽管总体发病率下降,但严重的结果仍然令人担忧,强调需要及时诊断和治疗.
- 由于预后不佳,神经质肺炎和某些病毒感染 (例如疹病毒) 需要紧急注意.
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