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相关概念视频

Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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相关实验视频

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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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垂直传播的便IgA水平决定了染色体外的表型变异.

Clara Moon1, Megan T Baldridge1, Meghan A Wallace1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Nature
|February 18, 2015
PubMed
概括

小鼠中的微生物差异导致显著的表型变异,模仿遗传突变. 便免疫球蛋白-A (IgA) 水平可以表明这种变异性,这表明共住或移植是为了一致的研究.

科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 微生物学 微生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 转基因小鼠模型表现出表型变异,通常归因于微生物群的差异.
  • 控制变异性的现有方法包括子期控制或具有定义微生物联盟的 gnotobiotic 模型.

研究的目的:

  • 研究微生物因素的作用,特别是便免疫球蛋白-A (IgA) 水平,在常规养小鼠中引起表型变异的作用.
  • 确定微生物变异性的标记物,并提出减轻其对实验结果影响的方法.

主要方法:

  • 在不同设施的野生类型小鼠中比较便IgA水平.
  • 在具有高和低IgA水平的小鼠之间进行了同居和便微生物群移植实验.
  • 对IgA及其分泌成分的细菌降解的分析.

主要成果:

  • 在同一设施内观察到两种便IgA水平,模仿染色体突变效应.
  • 来自低IgA小鼠的细菌通过共住或移植降低了高IgA小鼠的IgA水平.
  • 低IgA的小鼠在受伤反应中表现出增加的,可转移的损伤,与IgA差异有关.
  • 来自IgA低的小鼠的细菌被发现会降解分泌IgA和IgA本身.

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结论:

  • 由于微生物因素导致的非染色体遗传变异必须在小鼠研究中考虑.
  • 便IgA作为微生物变异性的标志物.
  • 共同住房和便移植可以帮助标准化使用不同母体小鼠的实验.