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相关概念视频

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

84.4K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
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在人类ES细胞分化过程中的转录因子结合动态.

Alexander M Tsankov1, Hongcang Gu2, Veronika Akopian3

  • 11] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

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概括

研究人员在人类胚胎干细胞分化过程中分析了转录因子结合和表观基因组数据. 他们发现了DNA甲基化和转录因子结合的上下文依赖的重新连接,这对细胞命运决定至关重要.

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科学领域:

  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 干细胞生物学 干细胞生物学
  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 多能干细胞 (PSC) 是研究哺乳动物发育的重要模型.
  • 了解细胞命运的变化需要剖析分化过程中的分子动力学.

研究的目的:

  • 将全基因组转录因子结合数据与表观基因组和转录数据集成.
  • 分析人类胚胎干细胞分化成三个生殖层.
  • 揭示核心调节动态和谱系特定的转录因子行为.

主要方法:

  • 对38个转录因子的全基因组结合数据的综合分析.
  • 综合表观基因组和转录概况.
  • 研究人类胚胎干细胞分化成外皮,中皮和内皮.

主要成果:

  • 确定了管理生殖层规范的核心监管动态.
  • 证明了关键转录因子的谱系特定的结合模式.
  • 观察到与不同DNA甲基化相关的转录因子结合,跨细菌层.
  • 发现了转录因子结合和表观基因组修改的上下文依赖的重新连接.

结论:

  • 转录因子结合和表观基因组重塑在人类胚胎干细胞分化过程中受到动态调节.
  • DNA甲基化变化与转录因子结合和生殖层规范有关.
  • 这项研究提供了关于细胞命运决定的分子机制的见解.