良性甲状腺结节的自然史
Cosimo Durante1, Giuseppe Costante2, Giuseppe Lucisano3
1Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
JAMA
|March 4, 2015
概括
大多数良性甲状腺结节在五年内不会显著生长,甲状腺癌是罕见的. 这表明目前对无症状甲状腺结节的随访指南可能需要修订.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 增加无症状甲状腺结节的检测需要明确的后续协议.
- 目前的指导方针建议对正在生长的良性甲状腺结节进行序列超声波和细胞学重新评估.
- 对良性甲状腺结节的最佳管理策略缺乏共识.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究良性甲状腺结节中尺寸变化的频率,大小和预测因素.
- 评估无症状,超声波或细胞学上良性甲状腺结节的长期行为.
- 为了告知当前对甲状腺结节的随访指南的潜在修订.
主要方法:
- 一项前性多中心观察性研究,涉及992名患有良性甲状腺结节的患者.
- 在5年内每年进行甲状腺超声检查,以评估结节的生长 (两直径增加≥20%,最小2毫米).
- 分析与结节生长,新结节发育和甲状腺癌诊断相关的因素.
主要成果:
- 结节的生长发生在15.4%的患者中;11.1%的结节在5年内显著增加了大小.
- 与生长相关的因素包括多个结节,更大的基线体积 (>0.2毫升) 和男性性别.
- 甲状腺癌在0.3%的结节中被诊断为甲状腺癌;自发收缩发生在18.5%的患者中.
结论:
- 大多数良性甲状腺结节在5年的随访期内没有显著增长.
- 甲状腺癌是患有无症状,良性甲状腺结节的患者的罕见结果.
- 这些发现支持重新评估目前对无症状甲状腺结节的随访建议.
相关概念视频
The Thyroid Gland
9.1K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
9.1K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
9.5K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
9.5K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones
7.1K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
7.1K
The Parathyroid Glands
6.2K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
6.2K
Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes
6.6K
Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
6.6K


