重建的Homo habilis类型OH 7表明在早期的Homo habilis中存在根深蒂固的物种多样性
Fred Spoor1, Philipp Gunz2, Simon Neubauer2
11] Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany [2] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Nature
|March 6, 2015
概括
虚拟重建OH 7下揭示了原始特征,挑战了早期Homo的单个物种模型. 这表明Homo属内根深蒂固的物种多样性,鼻腔变异是关键的差异化因素.
科学领域:
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 人类进化人类进化
- 化石记录分析 化石记录分析
背景情况:
- 东非早期人类化石的分类受到争论,模型提出一个可变物种 (Homo habilis) 或两个不同的物种.
- OH 7 化石是 Homo habilis 的全型,对于理解早期的 Homo 进化至关重要,但其扭曲的下部限制了对比分析.
研究的目的:
- 为了虚拟重建OH 7下,并将其形态与其他早期Homo化石进行比较.
- 评估OH 7下形态对早期Homo物种多样性和家族遗传关系的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用先进的成像技术,虚拟重建OH 7下.
- 对重建的OH 7下的比较形态分析与早期Homo和Australopithecus afarensis的化石标本.
- 通过表皮骨的重建来估计OH 7的内体积.
主要成果:
- 重建的OH 7下巴表现出一个原始的,长的,狭窄的牙廊道,更像澳大利亚白虫 (Australopithecus afarensis),而不是衍生的Homo物种.
- OH 7 的下形态与Homo rudolfensis和AL不相容. 666-1 雄雄,这表明早期的雄雄有显著的鼻腔多样性.
- OH 7内体积 (729824毫升) 属于早期Homo物种中观察到的重叠范围,突出显示大脑大小的变化.
结论:
- 对OH 7的形态发现挑战了单一,可变的Homo habilis物种的假设,支持早期Homo的根深蒂固的物种多样性.
- 鼻 (下和牙) 的多样性,而不是大脑大小,似乎是一个更重要的特征,区分早期的Homo物种.
- 霍莫哈比利斯的血统可能起源于230万年前,这表明霍莫物种的分歧比以前建议的要早.
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