古代蛋白质解决了达尔文南美类动物的进化历史
Frido Welker1, Matthew J Collins2, Jessica A Thomas2
11] BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK [2] Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Nature
|March 25, 2015
概括
南美本土的类动物,如Toxodon和Macrauchenia,现在在遗传学上与Perissodactyla (马,犀牛) 相处. 蛋白质组学成功地解决了它们的进化关系,克服了DNA分析的局限性.
科学领域:
- 古遗传学是古遗传学的一部分.
- 分子系统学 分子系统学
- 哺乳动物进化 哺乳动物进化
背景情况:
- 南美本土的类动物是已灭绝的胎盘哺乳动物的一个进化的神秘群体.
- 使用形态学和古代DNA进行的先前的植物遗传学分析,对它们的进化起源产生了不确定的结果.
- 它们在哺乳动物超级阶层中的位置 (Afrotheria vs. Laurasiatheria) 和与古老的胎盘 ("condylarths") 的关系仍在争论中.
研究的目的:
- 通过蛋白质学数据解决南美本土类动物的遗传位置.
- 为了研究哺乳动物树内的Toxodon (Notoungulata) 和Macrauchenia (Litopterna) 的进化关系.
- 评估古代蛋白质测序对重建深层进化历史的有用性.
主要方法:
- 从Toxodon和Macrauchenia化石骨样本中对I型原蛋白α1和α2链进行蛋白质组学分析.
- 高序列覆盖率 (大约. 获得了90%的原链.
- 通过将化石蛋白序列与哺乳动物基因组和蛋白质组数据对齐来构建家族遗传树.
主要成果:
- 托克索登和麦克劳肯尼亚形成了一个单体群.
- 这个群体被确定为皇冠Perissodactyla (马,尾鹿,犀牛) 的姐妹分类.
- 这些发现挑战了最近的假设,将这些类动物置于Afrotheria.
结论:
- 蛋白质组学为灭绝的哺乳动物的遗传学重建提供了一种强大的方法,克服了古代DNA降解的局限性.
- 南美本土的类动物,包括Toxodon和Macrauchenia,起源于古老的胎盘动物,与Perissodactyla密切相关.
- 这项研究有助于对哺乳动物的超级关系和南美动植物的进化历史的修订理解.
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