土地利用对当地陆地生物多样性的全球影响
Tim Newbold1, Lawrence N Hudson2, Samantha L L Hill3
11] United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. [2] Computational Science Laboratory, Microsoft Research Cambridge, 21 Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK.
Nature
|April 3, 2015
概括
人类活动正在造成当地生物多样性的显著丧失,减少物种丰富和丰富. 紧急缓解努力至关重要,以防止进一步的下降,并促进全球生物多样性恢复.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 人类活动,特别是息地转换和退化,是全球生物多样性下降的主要驱动因素.
- 了解当地生态组合对这些压力的反应对于生态系统功能和服务至关重要.
- 之前的评估缺乏关于当地生物多样性影响的全面地理和分类学范围.
研究的目的:
- 量化当地生物多样性对土地利用和相关环境变化的反应.
- 评估这些压力对物种丰富和丰富的全球影响.
- 在不同的土地使用场景下预测未来的生物多样性变化.
主要方法:
- 对具有广泛地理和分类学覆盖的大型陆地组合数据库的分析.
- 量化样本内物种丰富度变化,总丰富度变化和基于稀有性的丰富度变化.
- 基于土地使用场景的未来生物多样性趋势的建模.
主要成果:
- 受影响最严重的息地显示出大幅减少:76.5%的物种丰富,39.5%的丰富,以及40.3%的稀有化基础上的丰富.
- 在全球范围内,平均样本内丰富度下降了13.6%,丰富度下降了10.7%,稀释型丰富度下降了8.1%.
- 预测显示,在正常情况下,到2100年,样本内财富将进一步减少3.4%,这将对生物多样性和低收入国家产生不成比例的影响.
结论:
- 土地利用变化已经导致了本地和全球生物多样性大幅减少.
- 未来的生物多样性丧失预计将严重,特别是在脆弱的地区,如果没有显著的缓解措施.
- 强有力的减缓战略可以带来积极的生物多样性变化,其好处不那么取决于社会经济地位.
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