基因表达 基因表达 基因表达 微RNA控制蛋白质表达噪声
Jörn M Schmiedel1, Sandy L Klemm2, Yannan Zheng3
1Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 4, 2015
概括
微RNAs (miRNAs) 降低了低表达基因的蛋白质表达噪声,但增加了高度表达的基因. 这表明miRNAs赋予了基因表达的精度,解释了组合性向.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 系统生物学 系统生物学
背景情况:
- 微RNA (miRNA) 是基因表达的关键调节者,主要通过降解信使RNA和抑制翻译.
- 虽然miRNAs降低了平均蛋白质水平,但它们对表达变异性 (噪声) 的影响仍然存在争议.
- 微RNA在基因表达噪声中的作用对于理解细胞异质性尤为重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过数学建模和实验分析,研究微RNA对蛋白质表达噪声的影响.
- 为了确定miRNA调节如何影响不同表达率的基因的噪声水平.
- 探索miRNA介导的噪声调制对基因调节和细胞功能的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用数学建模来模拟miRNA介导的基因表达动态.
- 雇佣的单细胞报告员测试以实验性测量蛋白质表达噪声.
- 分析了miRNA调节,基因表达水平和噪声大小之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 微RNAs降低低表达基因的蛋白质表达噪声,特别是当与增加的转录相结合时.
- 相反,miRNAs可以增加高度表达的基因的表达噪声.
- 针对多个miRNA的基因表现出更显著的降噪.
- 在小鼠胚胎干细胞中,数百个低表达基因可能会从miRNA介导的降噪中受益.
结论:
- 微RNA在通过调节噪声来赋予蛋白质表达精度方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 这些发现为多个miRNAs对基因的组合性向提供了机制性的解释.
- 小RNAs对低表达基因的优先向可能是由它们的降噪效应驱动的.
相关概念视频
01:22MicroRNAs
4.3K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
4.3K
01:22MicroRNAs
24.8K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
24.8K
01:22MicroRNAs
12.1K
12.1K
01:23Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
1.6K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.6K
02:24Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
27.5K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
27.5K
02:24Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
4.4K
4.4K