测量劳伦的第一个电离潜力,元素103
T K Sato1, M Asai1, A Borschevsky2
1Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
Nature
|April 10, 2015
概括
我们测量了劳伦 (Lr) 的第一个电离电位,这是最重的动因化物,为4.96 eV. 这种精确的实验值验证了相对论计算,并使未来对超重元素的研究成为可能.
科学领域:
- 原子和分子物理 原子和分子物理
- 量子化学 是一个量子化学.
- 核化学 核化学 核化学
背景情况:
- 相对论效应显著改变了重元素的电子结构和化学性质,特别是在第七行和活性化物中.
- 由于这些相对论的影响,重元素的基态电子配置可能会偏离较轻的同类.
- 第一个电离电位 (IP1) 提供了关于价值电子结合能和相对论稳定程度的关键数据.
研究的目的:
- 通过实验确定最重的活性化物劳伦 (原子号103) 的第一个电离电位 (IP1).
- 提供准确的实验基准,用于对重元素属性的理论相对论计算.
- 建立超重元素原子一次性IP1测量的方法.
主要方法:
- 使用高效的表面离子源与放射性同位素检测系统和质量分离器相连.
- 使用同位素 (256) Lr测量了劳伦的IP1,该同位素的半衰期为27秒.
- 进行了最先进的相对论计算来预测劳伦的IP1.
主要成果:
- 劳伦 (Lr) 的实验确定IP1为4.96 (((+0.08) ((-0.07) 电子伏.
- 测量到的IP1值与理论上预测的4.963...15电子伏特的值显示出极好的一致性.
- 这项研究成功地测量了重型活性化物的IP1在原子时刻尺度上.
结论:
- 劳伦的实验IP1证实了相对论效应在重元素电子结构中的重要作用.
- 这些发现为预测活性化物和活性化物特性的理论模型提供了关键的基准.
- 这项工作为未来对超重元素的原子一次性电离潜力测量铺平了道路.
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