制作脊椎动物的场景
Nicholas D Holland1, Linda Z Holland1, Peter W H Holland2
1Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
Nature
|April 24, 2015
概括
脊椎动物从无脊椎动物的进化仍在争论中,目前的研究重点是无脊椎动物带状动物的起源. 对不同动物群体的比较研究,比如对象类动物,是解决这些进化问题的关键.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 动物学 动物学
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学.
背景情况:
- 脊椎动物从无脊椎动物祖先的进化起源已经争论了两个世纪.
- 虽然从无脊椎带动物过渡到脊椎动物是公认的,但带动物更深层次的起源是有争议的.
- 弦状动物起源的关键假设包括结体 (复杂的祖先) 和肠 (简单的祖先) 场景.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关脊椎动物起源的历史和当前假设.
- 为了突出围绕双边动物祖先状态的持续辩论.
- 强调比较研究对于解决进化途径的重要性.
主要方法:
- 关于脊椎动物进化历史和当前科学文献的综述.
- 基于比较数据,对拟议的进化场景进行分析.
- 确定关键的类型和研究领域,以进行未来的研究.
主要成果:
- 大多数被提议的脊椎动物无脊椎动物起源已经过时,但有几种仍然受到严考虑.
- 从无脊椎动物的带动物 (例如,两动物,长袍动物) 到脊椎动物的过渡被广泛接受.
- 关于带动物的无脊椎动物祖先仍然存在重大争议,关于带动物与肠动物起源的意见分歧.
结论:
- 解决关于双边祖先的辩论需要进一步进行比较研究.
- 诸如xenacoelomorphs之类的神秘种类对于理解早期动物进化至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该整合来自各种多细胞动物的数据,以澄清脊椎动物的起源.
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