一个独特的基因调节网络将人类生殖系表观基因组重置为发育
Walfred W C Tang1, Sabine Dietmann2, Naoko Irie1
1Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
Cell
|June 6, 2015
概括
人类生殖系表观基因组重编程是独一无二的,具有特定的基因网络驱动DNA脱甲基和染色质变化. 一些元素抵抗脱甲基化,这表明跨代表观遗传可能影响发育和疾病.
科学领域:
- 发育生物学 发展生物学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 人类原始生殖细胞 (hPGCs) 的表观遗传重编程对于发育至关重要.
- 了解hPGCs独特的转录和表观遗传场景至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 阐明管理hPGCs的转录网络.
- 描述早期人类生殖线发育中的动态表观遗传重编程,包括DNA脱甲基化.
主要方法:
- 在体内HPGCs的基分辨率甲基组分析.
- 对基因表达模式的分析,包括多能性和体性特异性基因.
- 研究DNA甲基化途径和TET介导的基甲基化.
主要成果:
- 人类PGC表现出一个独特的转录程序,体和多能基因 (TFCP2L1,KLF4) 的共同表达,由SOX17和BLIMP1.4调节.
- 在hPGCs中,全面的生殖基因DNA脱甲基化逐渐发生 (5-7周),与染色质重组,X活性化和印记擦除一起.
- 某些逆元件 (例如SVA) 和与疾病相关的位点仍然甲基化,这表明脱甲基化不完全,并可能导致表观遗传.
结论:
- 在hPGCs中独特的转录网络驱动了广泛的表观遗传重编程,这对生殖线发育至关重要.
- 在特定位置的不完全脱甲基化表明了跨代表观遗传的机制,这可能会对发育和疾病产生表型后果.
相关概念视频
Epigenetic Regulation
4.3K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
4.3K
Epigenetic Regulation
34.4K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
34.4K
Epigenetic Regulation
26.3K
26.3K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
38.9K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
38.9K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
2.3K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
2.3K
Nucleosome Remodeling
11.7K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
11.7K


