在一个包含超过15%域名细菌的群体中,异常的生物学
Christopher T Brown1, Laura A Hug2, Brian C Thomas2
1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Nature
|June 18, 2015
概括
候选细胞辐射 (CPR) 代表了一个庞大的,研究不足的细菌群体. 基因组分析揭示了独特的特征,表明这些未培养的细菌具有独特的生物学和进化历史.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 候选物质辐射 (CPR) 细菌丰富但未培养,在全球生物地球化学循环中发挥作用.
- 以前的基因组研究暗示了代谢限制,阻碍了它们的隔离和培养.
- 慢性肺炎细菌占细菌域的很大一部分,可能超过15%.
研究的目的:
- 为了重建和分析来自各种CPR细菌的基因组.
- 确定区分CPR生物体与其他细菌的共同特征.
- 了解CPR的进化历史和独特的生物学.
主要方法:
- 从细菌中重建了8个完整的和789个草稿的基因组,跨越了35个类.
- 进行比较基因组分析以确定区分特征.
- 遗传学分析以推断进化关系.
主要成果:
- 在CPR细菌中确定了共享的基因组特征,定义了候选物质辐射 (CPR).
- CPR基因组很小,往往缺乏生物合成途径,并具有不寻常的rRNA基因特征,如自我拼接的内核.
- CPR细菌表现出独特的核糖体组成和生物发生因子,与普遍保存的细菌成分不同.
- 不同的16S rRNA基因序列意味着许多CPR生物体在标准调查中错过了.
结论:
- CPR代表了一种主要的,进化上独特的细菌辐射,具有独特的生物特征.
- 不寻常的核糖体结构和生物发生意味着CPR细菌内的新型分子机制.
- 基因组洞察力挑战了对细菌多样性和基本细胞过程的现有理解.
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