活体脏捐献:结果,伦理和不确定性
Peter P Reese1, Neil Boudville2, Amit X Garg3
1Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 20, 2015
概括
活体脏捐赠对大多数捐赠者来说是安全的,结果与非捐赠者相似. 虽然存在罕见的风险,但大多数捐赠者报告没有后悔,强调道德实践的知情同意.
科学领域:
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
- 移植手术 移植手术
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 自1954年以来,已经有超过50万个活体脏捐赠.
- 研究显著改善了对长期供体健康的理解.
- 活体脏捐赠是解决末期脏疾病的关键组成部分.
研究的目的:
- 评估活着的脏捐赠者的长期健康结果和生活质量.
- 确定与活体脏捐赠相关的风险和好处.
- 为了告知伦理实践和未来的研究方向在活体脏捐赠.
主要方法:
- 现有研究对活体脏捐赠者的结果的审查.
- 对捐赠者与非捐赠者的预期寿命和生活质量数据的分析.
- 评估特定风险,如末期病,妊娠高血压和财务负担.
主要成果:
- 发达国家的活着的脏捐赠者与健康的非捐赠者相比,具有相似的预期寿命和生活质量.
- 在捐赠者中观察到末期病风险的小幅增加 (在15年内<0.5%).
- 捐赠者可能会面临财务成本,但大多数人报告说他们对捐赠没有遗憾.
结论:
- 活体脏捐赠通常是安全的,长期结果与非捐赠者相比相当.
- 伦理捐赠需要全面的知情同意,承认风险和不确定性.
- 对于发展中国家的捐赠者和那些患有肥胖等先前存在的疾病的捐赠者,需要进一步的研究.
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