的成长. 在合成,生物和地质环境中通过粒子附着结晶
James J De Yoreo1, Pupa U P A Gilbert2, Nico A J M Sommerdijk3
1Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
概括
不仅仅是简单的分子, 了解这些非经典的结晶路径是解释自然和实验室中的结晶形成的关键.
科学领域:
- 材料科学
- 化学物理
- 地质化学
背景情况:
- 经典的结晶模型侧重于单体添加.
- 非经典结晶涉及多种粒子附着 (离子复合物与纳米粒子).
- 这些途径对于了解各种环境中的晶体形成至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过粒子附着了解晶体生长的进展.
- 强调能量景观和结晶路径中的动态.
- 识别非经典结晶的基本方面的知识差距.
主要方法:
- 对实地和实验室观察的审查.
- 对结晶路径的现有文献进行分析.
- 自由能量景观和反应动态的理论考虑.
主要成果:
- 非经典的结晶路径是多样化的,从多离子复合体到纳米粒子.
- 多种增长途径从自由能源景观和反应动态的相互作用中产生.
- 目前对溶液结构,界面力和粒子运动的理解有限.
结论:
- 对于预测晶体形成的模型, 需要重新审视经典的解释.
- 需要进一步的研究来将分子细节与宏观晶体生长联系起来.
- 这种理解对于合成系统,生物矿物和自然矿物化模式至关重要.
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