抑制DNA甲基化通过dRNA引起癌症的干扰反应,包括内源性逆转录病毒
Katherine B Chiappinelli1, Pamela L Strissel2, Alexis Desrichard3
1Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Cell
|August 29, 2015
概括
DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂 (DNMTis) 通过病毒防御途径激活癌症免疫信号. 这会引发卵巢癌的亡,并使黑色素瘤对免疫疗法敏感, 这突显出一种新的治疗策略.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 癌症学
- 表观遗传学
背景情况:
- 在癌症治疗中研究DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂 (DNMTis).
- 免疫信号通路对于抗瘤反应至关重要.
- 内生逆转录病毒 (ERV) 和病毒防御机制与癌症有关.
研究的目的:
- 解释DNMT在癌症中调节免疫信号的机制.
- 研究病毒防御途径和ERV在DNMTi诱导的抗癌作用中的作用.
- 评估病毒防御基因表达作为免疫治疗反应的生物标志物的潜力.
主要方法:
- 用DNMT治疗卵巢癌细胞
- 对双链RNA (dsRNA) 和I型干扰素反应的细胞质检测分析.
- 阻断dRNA传感器 (TLR3,MAVS) 并阻断干扰素β或其受体.
- 内源逆转录病毒 (ERV) 和病毒防御基因的基因表达分析.
- 在初级卵巢癌和癌症基因图谱 (TCGA) 数据集中的基因表达的相关性分析.
- 用免疫检查点治疗的黑色素瘤患者的病毒防御特征分析.
- 使用DNMTi和抗CTLA4治疗的临床前黑色素瘤模型研究.
主要成果:
- 在癌症中通过病毒防御途径调节免疫信号.
- 在卵巢癌中,DNMT会诱导dRNA感应,I型干扰素反应和亡.
- 抑制TLR3/MAVS或阻断干扰素信号传递显著降低了DNMTi的影响.
- 超甲基化ERV基因的过度表达伴随着免疫反应,而ERV过度表达会激活免疫反应.
- 基底ERV和病毒防御基因表达在卵巢癌和分层TCGA样本中相关.
- 黑色素瘤的高病毒防御特征预示着对免疫检查点治疗的持续反应.
- 在临床前的模型中,DNMTi治疗使黑色素瘤对抗CTLA4治疗敏感.
结论:
- DNMTis利用先天的病毒防御途径来增强抗癌免疫力.
- ERV-病毒防御轴是DNMTi疗效的关键调解器.
- 病毒防御基因表达特征可以预测免疫治疗的反应并指导治疗策略.
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