一个海洋生物的气体冰核颗粒来源
Theodore W Wilson1, Luis A Ladino2, Peter A Alpert3
1School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
Nature
|September 11, 2015
概括
海洋喷雾中的海洋有机物作为冰核粒子, 影响云的特性. 这一发现凸显了植物浮游生物在偏远海洋地区形成冰的作用.
科学领域:
- 大气化学
- 云物理
- 海洋科学
背景情况:
- 云中的冰形成会对它们的寿命,降水和辐射特性产生重大影响.
- 空气中的冰核粒子对于云冰形成至关重要,但海喷粒子的冰核形成潜力仍然不确定.
- 海洋表面微层中含有丰富的有机物质,是全球大气颗粒的主要来源.
研究的目的:
- 研究海洋表面微层中存在的有机物质的冰核能力.
- 确定海上喷雾气溶中的冰核化物质的来源和特征.
- 评估海洋有机物在偏远海洋环境中对大气冰核形成的潜在贡献.
主要方法:
- 在相关云层条件下对海面微层有机物质的冰核形成进行实验分析.
- 冰核粒子的大小和来源的特征.
- 使用海洋藻Thalassiosira pseudonana的排泄物进行冰核化实验.
- 全球模型模拟包括海洋有机气溶数据.
主要成果:
- 海洋表面微层中的有机物质在模拟混合相和高海拔冰云的条件下有效地形成冰核.
- 冰核材料很可能是生物的,大约小于0.2微米.
- 植物浮游生物细胞排泄物,特别是来自Thalassiosira pseudonana,表现出冰核化能力,这表明它们在微层冰核化中的作用.
结论:
- 海洋有机物质,特别是浮游生物,是冰核粒子的重要来源.
- 这些发现表明海洋有机气溶在南大洋,北太平洋和北大西洋等偏远海洋地区的冰形成中起着至关重要的作用.
- 这项研究提高了我们对海洋气溶影响的云形成过程的理解.
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