南大洋碳汇的复兴
Peter Landschützer1, Nicolas Gruber2, F Alexander Haumann2
1Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 12, 2015
概括
自2002年以来,南大洋的碳汇, 对于吸收人为造成的二氧化碳 (CO2) 是至关重要的. 这种重要的海洋碳汇呈现出动态,十年变化, 与之前的假设相反.
科学领域:
- 海洋学
- 气候科学
- 碳循环研究
背景情况:
- 南洋是人类产生的二氧化碳 (CO2) 的主要海洋沉积点.
- 之前的研究表明,近几十年来该地区的碳排放量正在减弱.
- 了解这种二氧化碳吸收的动态对于气候变化建模至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析南大洋碳汇强度的趋势.
- 确定之前观察到的减弱趋势是否已经逆转.
- 研究影响海洋碳循环十年变化的因素.
主要方法:
- 海洋表面二氧化碳观测的多年分析.
- 评估南洋不同地区的碳汇强度.
- 与大气二氧化碳增长和循环模式的相关性.
主要成果:
- 南洋碳汇的减弱趋势在2002年左右停止.
- 到2012年,碳汇恢复到预期的强度,与大气二氧化碳的增长保持一致.
- 南大洋的三个部门都为这一恢复做出了贡献,与大气循环相关的特定部门的过程变化.
结论:
- 南大洋的碳汇已经显著恢复强度.
- 南洋的海洋碳循环比以前理解的更为动态和可变.
- 这种动态行为对未来的气候预测和碳预算评估有影响.
相关概念视频
01:14The Carbon Cycle
45.6K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
45.6K
01:28Carbon-dioxide Fixation
874
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
874
01:18Deep Sea Microbial Ecology
40
The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches...
40
01:06Primary Production
26.0K
The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
26.0K
01:30Marine Microbial Ecology
43
Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...
43
01:26Oxygenic Photosynthesis
984
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
984