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相关概念视频

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

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解读DNA损伤反应

James E Haber1

  • 1Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.

Cell
|September 12, 2015
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

埃夫林·威特金和斯蒂芬·埃尔吉因其在DNA损伤反应方面的突破性工作而获得拉斯克奖. 他们40多年的研究揭示了细胞如何修复DNA,

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学
  • 遗传学
  • 细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • DNA损伤反应 (DDR) 对于保持基因组完整性至关重要.
  • 了解DDR对于理解癌症的发展和衰老至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了纪念DNA损伤反应研究的先驱者.
  • 突出基本生物学发现的意义.
  • 为了表彰40多年的科学贡献.

主要方法:

  • 几十年的分子和遗传研究.
  • 关键信号通道的阐明.
  • 对DNA修复机制的描述.

主要成果:

  • 确定了DNA损伤反应的关键组成部分.
  • 揭示了细胞如何感知和信号DNA损伤.
  • 建立了DNA修复的基础知识.

结论:

  • 威特金和埃利奇的工作改变了DNA修复领域.
  • 他们的发现对癌症研究和治疗有着深远的影响.
  • 这项奖项旨在表彰他们对基础医学的持久影响.