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相关概念视频

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
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在酶催化中发现功能相关复合物的证据

Cedric P Owens1, Faith E H Katz1, Cole H Carter1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92039, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 12, 2015
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

铁蛋白 (FeP) 和铁蛋白 (MoFeP) 之间的接触复合物对于酶催化是至关重要的. 破坏MoFeP的静电相互作用的突变通过阻碍FeP-MoFeP结合来降低催化活性.

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科学领域:

  • 生物化学
  • 酵素学
  • 固定的方法

背景情况:

  • 酶对于将大气中的 (N2) 转化为氨 (NH3) 是必不可少的.
  • 这一过程涉及MoFe蛋白 (MoFeP) 和Fe蛋白 (FeP) 以ATP依赖的方式进行电子转移.
  • 了解蛋白与蛋白的相互作用是优化酶功能的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 在酶催化中研究接触复合物的功能作用.
  • 确定稳定这些复合物的特定相互作用.
  • 阐明FeP和MoFeP之间的电子转移机制.

主要方法:

  • Azotobacter vinelandii MoFeP的局部定向突变,以破坏静电相互作用.
  • 评估MoFeP变体的催化活性.
  • 使用 Thorneley-Lowe 模型进行动力分析,以确定关联和电子转移的速率常数.

主要成果:

  • 接触复合物通过MoFePβ子单元的静电相互作用来稳定.
  • 这一区域的突变显著降低了催化活性,而βLys400Glu显示出最大的影响.
  • 该βK400E突变降低了FeP-MoFeP结合速率常数的五倍,但没有影响ATP水解-电子转移合.

结论:

  • 碰撞复合体在酶催化中起着功能性作用.
  • FeP最初在MoFePβ子单元表面形成碰撞复合体.
  • 这种相互作用是ATP激活的,在αβ接口上具有电子转移能力的复合物的先决条件.