新的竞争对手影响物种对气候变化的反应
Jake M Alexander1, Jeffrey M Diez2, Jonathan M Levine1
1Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Nature
|September 17, 2015
概括
气候变化通过新的竞争对手影响物种. 当高山植物无法随着变暖而迁移时, 了解这些相互作用对于准确的生态预测至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生态学
- 气候变化生物学
- 社区生态
背景情况:
- 对于预测生物多样性的动态来说,物种对气候变化的反应至关重要.
- 直接的生理和人口反应得到了很好的研究,但通过社区互动的间接影响越来越被认可.
- 从异步迁移中产生的新物种组合被认为会导致社区的巨大变化.
研究的目的:
- 研究物种对气候变暖的反应如何受到竞争对手的迁徙行为的影响.
- 测试新的竞争相互作用对物种范围的变化产生重大影响的预测.
主要方法:
- 沿着瑞士阿尔卑斯山的气候梯度植入高山植物种和群体.
- 模拟迁移失败 (移植到更温暖的气候) 和气候跟踪 (在当前气候中生长) 的实验操作.
- 在涉及现有和新兴竞争对手的不同竞争场景下评估焦点工厂的性能.
主要成果:
- 当高山植物无法迁移到温暖的气候中时,来自较低海拔地区的新型竞争对手显著降低了它们的表现,超过了变暖的影响.
- 当焦点工厂跟踪气候时, 转移到新的高空竞争对手对性能的影响最小.
- 在领先和落后的范围边缘的竞争效应不对称与现有和新兴竞争对手的功能相似性有关.
结论:
- 在物种应对气候变化的过程中, 新的竞争性互动是关键因素,
- 考虑到新竞争对手的身份和功能特征对于准确的生态预测至关重要.
- 异步迁移和由此产生的新群体形成了物种的分布动态.
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