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细胞循环抑制剂Whi5的稀释可以控制发芽酵母细胞的大小

Kurt M Schmoller¹, J J Turner¹, M Kõivomägi¹

¹Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

|September 22, 2015

概括

发芽酵母的细胞大小控制依赖于Whi5蛋白的稀释,而不是增加Cln3活性. 这种机制通过根据细胞大小调整G1阶段的持续时间来确保适当的细胞增殖.

科学领域:

细胞生物学
分子生物学
酵母遗传学

背景情况:

细胞大小对于细胞过程至关重要,但其精确的控制机制尚不清楚.
在芽酵母 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 中,细胞大小在细胞分裂承诺 (Start) 之前在G1阶段受到调节.
此前,人们认为由细胞大小驱动的G1环林Cln3活性增加通过抑制Whi5触发了Start.

研究的目的:

阐明细胞大小控制的分子机制.
研究Cln3和Whi5在细胞大小和增殖中的作用.
为了确定蛋白质合成速度如何随细胞大小而变大.

主要方法:

细胞周期期间Cln3和Whi5蛋白水平的定量分析.
细胞大小测量和与细胞周期进展的相关性.
研究蛋白质合成率对细胞大小控制的影响.

主要成果:

细胞大小的Cln3合成尺度,在G1期间保持几乎恒定的度.
由于细胞生长的稀释而导致Whi5度下降,而不是Cln3活动的变化,控制了增殖.
在S/G2/M阶段,Whi5的合成独立于细胞大小,导致较小的子细胞的度更高.

结论:

胚芽酵母的细胞大小控制主要通过细胞生长稀释Whi5蛋白.
根据细胞大小对 Cln3 和 Whi5 合成的差分缩放提供了扩散控制的基本机制.
这项研究揭示了不同蛋白质合成对细胞大小的依赖如何协调细胞功能与生长.

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