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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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在Phtalocyanine-Sc3N@I(h) -C80复合体中具有双向电子转移能力

Olga Trukhina1,2, Marc Rudolf3, Giovanni Bottari1,2

  • 1Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 25, 2015
PubMed
概括

研究人员使用Sc3N@I(h) -C80富勒烯和Zn(II) 氨酸制造了新的电子捐赠体组合. 这些材料具有可切换的电子转移,根据其对应物的电子性质,可以作为电子接受器或电子捐赠器.

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科学领域:

  • 超分子化学
  • 材料科学
  • 摄影化学

背景情况:

  • 电子捐赠-接受器组合对于能量转换和分子电子非常重要.
  • 富勒和氨酸是这种系统的多功能构建块.
  • 控制电子转移方向是设计先进材料的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 合成和表征新型电子供体-接受体组合,其中包括N-pyridyl-substituted Sc3N@I(h) -C80烯和Zn(II) 氨酸.
  • 研究这些组合中的光物理性质和电子转移动态.
  • 展示一个基于富勒的可调节电子转移行为.

主要方法:

  • 合成N-pyridyl替代的Sc3N@I(h) -C80和C60的富勒罗利丁.
  • 富勒罗利丁的轴协调为富含电子和缺电子的Zn (II) .
  • 光物理测定,包括稳定状态和时间分辨率光谱.

主要成果:

  • 一系列电子捐赠-接受器组合的成功准备.
  • 在一个组合中观察Zn{\text{II}phthalocyanine}到Sc3N{\text{I}h}-C80的光诱导电子转移.
  • 从Sc3N@I(h) -C80到Zn(II) 酸在另一组合中的光诱导电子转移的观察.
  • 在Sc3N@I(h) -C80构件中证明电子转移二分法,由其对应物控制.

结论:

  • Sc3N@I(h) -C80富勒烯衍生体表现出可切换的电子接受者/捐赠者行为.
  • 这种二分法是由协调Zn ((II) phthalocyanine的电子特性控制的.
  • 这项工作代表了创建具有可调节电子转移反应性的分子材料的重要一步.