精神疾病的遗传学和基因组学
Daniel H Geschwind1, Jonathan Flint2
1Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. dhg@mednet.ucla jf@well.ox.ac.uk.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 26, 2015
概括
基因组研究揭示了精神疾病的遗传因素, 这些进展为更好的理解和治疗铺平了道路.
科学领域:
- 神经科学与遗传学
- 精神病学研究
背景情况:
- 严重的精神疾病有复杂的遗传基础.
- 基因组研究开始确定分子遗传的贡献.
- 从常见的变种到罕见的突变,
研究的目的:
- 总结目前精神疾病大规模基因组研究的现状.
- 通过基因发现获得的神经生物学见解.
- 应对该领域的挑战和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 大规模基因组数据的分析.
- 识别与精神疾病相关的常见和罕见遗传变异.
- 将遗传发现与神经生物学和行为数据相结合.
主要成果:
- 基因组研究发现了许多导致精神疾病的遗传变异.
- 这些发现为了解这些疾病的神经生物学基础提供了关键的.
- 挑战包括精神疾病的异质性和多元性.
结论:
- 基因组研究的进步正在改变对精神疾病的理解.
- 尽管存在挑战, 这些研究正处于病理生理学,诊断和治疗新时代的峰之上.
- 未来的研究将专注于整合多层次数据来弥合分子功能和复杂行为.
相关概念视频
02:02Genomics
40.8K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
40.8K
00:49What is Genetic Engineering?
80.3K
Overview
80.3K
02:16Genetics of Speciation
21.7K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
21.7K
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
9.2K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.2K
02:30Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
37.2K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
37.2K
01:25What is Population Genetics?
64.8K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
64.8K