软口腔是传染性流感病毒适应的一个重要区域
Seema S Lakdawala1, Akila Jayaraman2, Rebecca A Halpin3
1Laboratory of infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Nature
|September 30, 2015
概括
通过设计病毒与鸟类受体结合,增强了流感A病毒的空气传播. 这种病毒迅速适应于的软 palatal 人体受体, 实现有效的传播.
科学领域:
- 病毒学
- 流行病学
- 公共卫生
背景情况:
- A型流感病毒导致季节性流行病和流行病.
- 空气传播是流感传播的关键, 但病毒的特性很复杂.
- 人类和禽流感病毒与不同的酸受体结合 (分别为α2,6和α2,3).
研究的目的:
- 为了研究空气传播的A型流感病毒,该病毒被设计为结合鸟类受体.
- 了解病毒在空气传播过程中的适应性.
- 确定影响流感传播的宿主因素.
主要方法:
- 设计了一种2009年大流行的H1N1病毒 (H1N1pdm) 以优先结合α2,3-链接的酸.
- 已经研究了子的空气传播.
- 通过测序和组织采样分析病毒遗传变化和组织热带性.
- 研究软 palates 在传播中的作用.
主要成果:
- 观察到人工合成的α2,3结合型H1N1pdm病毒在空气中有效传播.
- 对单个血凝素 (HA) 突变发生了快速选择,使其能够与α2,3和α2,6酸结合.
- 传染性病毒在的软口腔中被丰富,表达长链α2,6链的酸.
- 这种适应发生在感染后的24小时内.
结论:
- 的软口腔可以快速选择具有类似人类受体偏好的传染性流感A病毒 (α2,6-结合的酸).
- 这一发现凸显了软 palates 在流感传播动态中的重要性.
- 了解受体结合和组织热带性对于预测和控制流感大流行至关重要.
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