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相关概念视频

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers
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发展增强剂的次优化

Emma K Farley1, Katrina M Olson2, Wei Zhang3

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA. Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. msl2@princeton.edu ekfarley@princeton.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 17, 2015
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

基因调节中的增强特异性依赖于"亚优化",其中不完美的DNA结合部位创造了精确的表达模式. 这种机制确保了精确的发育基因激活,避免过于强大的结合导致的错误.

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科学领域:

  • 发育生物学
  • 分子遗传学
  • 基因组学

背景情况:

  • 转录增强剂控制精确的基因表达模式,这对于发育至关重要.
  • 了解增强剂特异性的分子基础对于发育生物学至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 在Ciona胚胎中研究Otx-a增强剂精度的机制.
  • 确定纤维细胞生长因子 (FGF) 信号和GATA决定因素如何影响增强剂的特异性.

主要方法:

  • 对Otx-a增强器进行高通量分析.
  • 评估结合部位序列和间隔对增强剂活性的影响.
  • 研究基因调节中不理想的识别动机的作用.

主要成果:

  • 增强剂的特异性是通过具有较低结合亲和度的亚最大识别动机实现的.
  • 在本地GATA和ETS结合点中的不完全匹配赋予了特异性.
  • 改变结合点的距离会显著影响增强剂的活性.
  • 多个级别的亚优化导致特定但弱的表达模式.

结论:

  • 在发育过程中产生精确的基因表达模式的最佳增强元件至关重要.
  • 弱增强剂的集群,可能包括超级增强剂,平衡特异性和活性.
  • 这些发现提供了对发育基因表达的调节逻辑的见解.