四肢肢发育中的再生和前轴极性的深度时间演变
Nadia B Fröbisch1, Constanze Bickelmann1, Jennifer C Olori2
1Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
Nature
|October 28, 2015
概括
沙兰具有独特的肢体再生和逆向的前轴极性. 化石证据显示这些特征存在于古代两动物中,这表明再生是一种古老的四足动物特征.
科学领域:
- 进化发育生物学
- 古生物学
- 复原医学
背景情况:
- 沙兰表现出独特的四肢发育 (逆向前轴极性) 和高再生能力,与保存的四足四肢发育形成鲜明对比.
- 萨拉曼德四肢再生与异常四肢模式之间的进化和机械联系仍然不清楚.
- 萨拉曼德特有的孤儿基因与肢体再生和模式有关.
研究的目的:
- 研究四足动物的前轴极性和肢体再生的进化起源.
- 确定这些特征是否存在于已灭绝的两动物祖先中.
主要方法:
- 石灰岩和波斯纪两动物化石的分析,包括天动物 (Apateon,Micromelerpeton,Sclerocephalus) 和动物"微龙".
- 对化石种类的四肢和尾巴再生模式的古生物学证据的检查.
主要成果:
- 在石灰岩/珀米亚时代 (Apateon,Micromelerpeton,Sclerocephalus) 的四肢发育中存在前轴极性.
- 在Micromelerpeton中报告了肢体再生,这表明这两种特征在早期的祖先 (29000万年前) 中同时发生.
- 莱波索类"微龙"可能具有肢体和尾巴再生能力,包括在现代中看到的尾部脊椎重塑.
结论:
- 类似沙兰的再生是一种古老的四足动物特征,随后在导致羊动物的血统中消失.
- 在现代四足动物中,沙兰是独一无二的,因为它们保留了再生能力和前轴四肢的极性.
- 化石证据支持四足动物复杂的再生能力的古代起源.
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