美国死亡率的时间趋势,1969-2013年
Jiemin Ma1, Elizabeth M Ward2, Rebecca L Siegel1
1Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, Intramural Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
JAMA
|October 28, 2015
概括
在1969年至2013年间,除了慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 之外,大多数主要原因的死亡率都下降了. 近年来,心脏病,中风和糖尿病病例的下降速度有所放缓,这凸显了不断变化的公共卫生挑战.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 流行病学
- 生物统计学
背景情况:
- 评估长期死亡趋势对于健康规划和识别可修改的风险因素至关重要.
- 了解主要死亡原因的时间趋势有助于制定公共卫生战略和资源配置.
研究的目的:
- 分析美国所有死亡原因和六大主要死亡原因的长期趋势.
- 确定年龄标准化死亡率的变化以及75岁之前失去的潜在寿命.
主要方法:
- 采用1969年至2013年美国国家重要统计数据的结合点分析.
- 检查了因各种原因,心脏病,癌症,慢性肺炎,中风,意外伤害和糖尿病而丧失的年龄标准化死亡率.
主要成果:
- 在所有原因 (42. 9%),中风 (77. 0%),心脏病 (67. 5%),无意伤害 (39. 8%),癌症 (17. 9%) 和糖尿病 (16. 5%) 中,观察到年龄标准化的死亡率显著降低.
- 相反,慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 的死亡率增加了一倍以上 (100.6%).
- 最近的趋势表明,心脏病,中风和糖尿病的死亡率正在逐渐下降,男性的COPD死亡率也开始下降.
结论:
- 在1969年至2013年间,美国的死亡率趋势显示大多数主要原因的总体下降,但COPD死亡率显著增加.
- 由于某些原因的减缓速度表明需要持续监测和适应性公共卫生干预措施.
- 这些发现强调了死亡趋势的动态性质以及对可修改因素的持续研究的重要性.
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