基底桃体通过上下控制焦虑和恐惧
Avishek Adhikari1,2, Talia N Lerner1,2, Joel Finkelstein1
1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Nature
|November 5, 2015
概括
研究人员发现一种控制焦虑的新神经通路. 腹中前额叶皮层 (vmPFC) 直接影响基底桃体 (BMA),调节恐惧和焦虑行为.
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 行为科学
- 精神病学
背景情况:
- 焦虑症很难用药物治疗,强调需要了解情绪的认知调节.
- 从中部前额叶皮层 (mPFC) 的上下路径与认知控制和情绪调节有关.
- 之前的研究表明不同mPFC子区域在恐惧处理中的作用相反,但确切的因果目标仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 确定从中部前额叶皮层 (mPFC) 调节焦虑和恐惧的具体上下神经通路.
- 研究基底桃体 (BMA) 作为vmPFC在焦虑调节中的潜在目标的作用.
- 确定已识别的途径是否调解了情感和学习恐惧反应的认知控制.
主要方法:
- 使用小鼠模型来研究神经电路.
- 使用光遗传和化学遗传技术来操纵神经元活动.
- 结合恐惧调节和焦虑相关行为的行为测试与体内神经记录.
主要成果:
- 在小鼠中,腹部中部前额皮层 (vmPFC) 主要针对桃体内的基底中部桃体 (BMA).
- 基底桃体 (BMA) 神经元区分安全和厌恶的环境.
- 激活BMA神经元可以减少与恐惧相关的结和焦虑状态.
- 在基线和压力下,vmPFC- BMA预测被证明可以对焦虑和学会结产生自上而下的控制.
结论:
- 腹部中部前额叶皮层 (vmPFC) - 底部中部桃体 (BMA) 投影代表了上下调节焦虑和恐惧的关键神经通路.
- 这种途径为旨在治疗与焦虑相关的神经精神疾病的干预提供了潜在的目标.
- 了解这种电路可以提高对情绪和行为控制的认知调节的了解.
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