气候变化和海洋脊椎动物
William J Sydeman1, Elvira Poloczanska2, Thomas E Reed3
1Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. Bodega Marine Laboratory/University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA. wsydeman@faralloninstitute.org.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 14, 2015
概括
海洋脊椎动物通过各种机制应对气候变化,影响海洋生态系统. 预测种群动态需要综合模型,考虑新陈代谢,生产力和进化适应,以有效保护.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学
- 气候变化生态学
- 保护科学
背景情况:
- 气候变化对海洋生态系统及其服务构成重大威胁.
- 包括鱼类,哺乳动物,海和海鸟在内的脊椎动物群体对不断变化的海洋条件表现出不同的反应.
- 了解这些反应对于预测生态系统结构和功能至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查和综合海洋脊椎动物对所有海洋气候变化的观察反应.
- 确定驱动这些反应的主要机制,包括生理变化和变化的捕食者-猎物相互作用.
- 讨论海洋脊椎动物的适应潜力,并强调预测人口动态的挑战.
主要方法:
- 对海洋鱼类,哺乳动物,海和海鸟应对气候变化的数据进行综合的文献审查.
- 对不同分类组和海洋盆地的直接和间接影响进行分析.
- 检查生理和生态机制,包括捕食者-猎物动态和代谢影响.
主要成果:
- 海洋脊椎动物对气候变化表现出不同的反应,例如鱼类的范围变化和海鸟的现象变化.
- 直接的生理效应和间接的气候介导的捕食者与猎物的相互作用都是显著的.
- 气候与人口关系的区域差异使人口动态的预测变得复杂.
结论:
- 代谢,生态系统生产力和食物网之间的相互作用对于预测未来对海洋脊椎动物的影响至关重要.
- 预测物种的反应需要整合气候,海洋,生态系统和人口模型.
- 将进化过程纳入模型对于在气候变化下优先考虑海洋脊椎动物的保护工作至关重要.
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