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大脑和神经系统疾病的区域研究重点
Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath1, Hoang-Minh Dang2, Rodolfo G Goya3
1Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
Nature
|November 19, 2015
概括
神经,精神,发育和物质使用障碍在全球范围内有所不同,受人口,环境和遗传学的影响. 需要更多的研究来了解和解决低收入和中等收入国家独特的疾病负担.
科学领域:
- 全球健康
- 神经科学
- 精神病学
- 流行病学
背景情况:
- 在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 中,神经,精神,发育和物质使用障碍存在独特的挑战.
- 由于人口,社会经济因素,文化背景和遗传倾向的不同,疾病负担在LMIC之间有很大差异.
- 营养不良,传染病和寿命延长等因素导致这些疾病的不同模式.
研究的目的:
- 突出LMIC中神经,精神,发育和物质使用障碍的独特流行病学特征和疾病负担.
- 确定导致不同地区出现这些疾病的关键因素.
- 强调在最不发达国家和地区进行进一步研究和有针对性的干预措施的必要性.
主要方法:
- 对LMIC中神经,精神,发育和物质使用障碍的现有文献和流行病学数据的审查.
- 分析疾病流行和导致因素的区域差异.
- 识别研究缺陷和挑战,以了解和管理这些疾病.
主要成果:
- 在神经,精神,发育和物质使用障碍的患病率和类型方面存在显著的区域差异.
- 撒哈拉以南非洲地区面临着与营养不良相关的疾病和传染病以及不断增加的非传染性疾病的挑战.
- 中东和北非地区因冲突而患有高水平的抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍,
- 拉丁美洲和亚洲的中风,血管痴呆和生活方式影响的疾病的负担很高.
- 研究和医疗保健基础设施的局限性,加上污名化,阻碍了对这些疾病的理解和管理的进步.
结论:
- 低收入国家中神经,精神,发育和物质使用障碍的流行病学复杂,需要进一步深入研究,特别是纵向研究.
- 应对这些疾病需要根据地方和区域研究协作制定定制的预防和治疗策略.
- 克服资源局限性,基础设施缺陷和社会耻辱对于改善LMICs的大脑健康和管理疾病负担至关重要.
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