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神经电路操纵的急性非目标效应

Timothy M Otchy^1,2, Steffen B E Wolff¹, Juliana Y Rhee¹

¹Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

|December 10, 2015

概括

暂时的脑电路操纵可能会误导研究. 这项研究揭示了对下游电路的间接影响,

科学领域:

神经科学
行为神经科学
系统神经科学

背景情况:

快速,可逆的神经操纵是理解大脑功能的关键工具.
一个核心假设是观察到的行为直接反映了操纵电路的功能.
这种假设忽略了对连接的神经系统的潜在间接影响.

研究的目的:

仅基于直接电路操纵来解释行为变化的有效性.
探索在短暂的神经失活期间对下游电路的间接影响.
了解大脑损伤后自发恢复的机制.

主要方法:

在老鼠中暂时失活运动皮质.
在歌鸟中,核接口 (Nif) 暂时失活.
评估特定任务的运动和歌曲模式,包括永久性损伤后的恢复.

主要成果:

尽管HVC (下游核) 仍然完好无损,但歌唱鸟的过渡性Nif无活化严重损害了歌唱.
经过短暂的Nif失活后的行为缺陷在几天内消失,反映了永久性病变后的恢复.
观察到的恢复与HVC神经活动的恒常调节相关,这表明适应Nif的缺失.

结论:

由于间接下游效应,过渡电路操作可能会产生误导性的结果.
在大脑损伤后自发的行为恢复可能涉及连接电路中的静态可塑性.
重新解释电路操纵研究的结果对于准确理解大脑功能至关重要.

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