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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Transfer of Manipulated Tumor-associated Neutrophils into Tumor-Bearing Mice to Study their Angiogenic Potential In Vivo
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Published on: July 20, 2019

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比自然更好:比自然共酶更有效的尼古丁胺仿生药物

Tanja Knaus1, Caroline E Paul2, Colin W Levy1

  • 1BBSRC/EPSRC Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 5, 2016
PubMed
概括

尼古丁胺共酶的合成仿生物为氧化还原生物催化提供了稳定且具有成本效益的替代品. 这些"比自然更好"的分子能够使用缩酶有效地制造绿色化学物质.

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Enzymes are proteins made of amino acids. The functional group of each constituent amino acid catalyzes a wide variety of chemical reactions via ionic interactions or acid-base reactions. However, amino acids cannot catalyze oxidation-reduction and group transfer reactions and need to be aided by non-protein components called cofactors. Cofactors are also referred to as the chemical teeth of an enzyme.
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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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