在低温下自热的离子电池结构
Chao-Yang Wang1,2, Guangsheng Zhang1, Shanhai Ge2
1Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering and Electrochemical Engine Center (ECEC), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Nature
|January 21, 2016
概括
研究人员开发了一种自加热的"全气候电池",以应对低温下离子电池的功耗损失. 这项创新使电动汽车在没有外部加热的情况下,能够在寒冷的天气中高效地运行.
科学领域:
- 材料科学
- 电化学
- 能量储存
背景情况:
- 离子电池在0°C以下经历显著的功率降解,阻碍了在寒冷气候下使用.
- 目前的解决方案涉及外部加热或电解质添加剂,
- 低温电力损耗会影响电动汽车的续航里程,充电和性能.
研究的目的:
- 推出一种新的离子电池结构,即"全气候电池".
- 证明没有外部装置或添加剂的自热机制.
- 为了提高低温电化学性能,实现高放电和充电功率.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种独特的离子电池结构,使其能够自动加热.
- 在零度以下的温度下测试自热机制的速度和能耗.
- 自热电池的功率输出和与传统离子电池的比较.
主要成果:
- "全气候电池"在-20°C至-30°C时在20-30秒内自热至0°C,使用最小容量 (3.8-5.5%).
- 在-30°C时,自热电池的功率是最先进电池的6.4-12.3倍 (1,061/1,425 W/kg).
- 自热机制为提高功率创造了有利的电化学接口.
结论:
- "全气候电池"有效地减轻离子电池的低温功耗损失.
- 这项技术可以实现高效的发动机停止启动系统,从而节省车辆的燃料.
- 由于高效的自我加热,应用范围扩展到插电式电动汽车,机器人和太空探索.
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