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2001年至2014年美国收入与预期寿命之间的关联
Raj Chetty1, Michael Stepner2, Sarah Abraham2
1Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
JAMA
|April 12, 2016
概括
在美国,收入高与预期寿命长相关, 贫富差距很大. 这些差异从2001年至2014年扩大,受当地健康行为和地区特征的影响.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 健康的社会经济决定因素
- 生物统计学
背景情况:
- 社会经济地位与健康结果,特别是预期寿命之间的联系是公共卫生研究的一个关键领域.
- 这种关系的细微差别,包括时间趋势和地理差异,需要更深入的研究.
研究的目的:
- 量化美国人口的收入与预期寿命之间的关系.
- 分析不同收入水平的预期寿命趋势.
- 探索地理差异,并确定各收入群体预期寿命差异的因素.
主要方法:
- 利用美国无人身份的税务记录 (1999-2014年) 来获取收入数据,以及社会保障局的死亡记录来获取死亡率数据.
- 根据家庭收入百分比,性别和地理区域,根据种族和种族调整的预期寿命.
- 评估了预期寿命差异与各种因素之间的相关性,包括健康行为,医疗保健准入,环境条件和社会经济特征.
主要成果:
- 在所有收入百分点中, 收入与寿命之间存在强烈的正相关性.
- 在2001年至2014年间,最高收入群体与最低收入群体之间的预期寿命差距显著扩大.
- 低收入人士的预期寿命的地理差异很大,与当地健康行为 (如吸烟),移民人口,教育水平和政府支出相关.
结论:
- 在美国,更高的收入与延长寿命有着一致的关联,
- 收入与预期寿命的关系存在显著的地理差异,受当地因素的影响.
- 卫生行为和特定区域的特征, 而不是仅仅是医疗保健或收入不平等, 似乎推动了低收入人口的寿命的地理差异.
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